Greek Goddess Athena, Minerva, Goddess of Wisdom

Greek Goddess Athena, Minerva, Goddess of Wisdom She summarizes a large number of the Greeks blessings to Western culture, from reasoning to olive oil to the Parthenon. Athena, little girl of Zeus, joined the Olympians in an emotional way and figured in many establishing fantasies, remembering taking a functioning part for the Trojan War. She was the benefactor of the city of Athens; its notorious Parthenon was her place of worship. Furthermore, as the goddess of intelligence, the procedure of war, and expressions of the human experience and artworks (agribusiness, route, turning, weaving, and embroidery), she was one of the most significant divine beings to the antiquated Greeks. The Birth of Athena Athena is said to have risen full fledged from the head of Zeus, however there is a backstory. One of Zeus numerous loves was an Oceanid named Metis. At the point when she got pregnant, the King of Gods recalled the peril he presented to his own dad, Cronos, and thus, how Cronos managed his dad Ouranos. Careful about proceeding with the pattern of patricide, Zeus gulped his darling. However, Metis, in the murkiness of Zeus inside, kept on conveying her kid. After some time, the King of Gods caught a regal cerebral pain. Calling upon the metal forger god Hephaestus (some mythsâ say it was Prometheus), Zeus asked that his head be part open, whereupon sprang dark peered toward Athena in her wonder. Fantasies About Athena Befitting the supporter of one of Hellas most noteworthy city-states, Greek goddess Athena shows up in numerous exemplary legends. Probably the most celebrated ones include: Athena and Arachne: Here, the Goddess of the Loom takes a talented yet bombastic human down a peg, and by changing Arachne into minuscule, eight-legged weaver, designs the arachnid. The Gorgon Medusa: Another story of Athenas vindictive side, the destiny of Medusa was fixed when this delightful priestess of Athena was charmed by Poseidon in the goddess own place of worship. Snakes for hair and a freezing look followed. The Contest for Athens: Once again pitting the dark looked at goddess against her uncle Poseidon, the challenge for the support of Athens was chosen for the god who gave the best blessing to the city. Poseidon delivered a great (salt water) spring, however astute Athena talented an olive tree-a wellspring of natural product, oil, and wood. She won. The Judgment of Paris: In the unenviable situation of making a decision about a stunner challenge between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, the Trojan Paris put his cash on the one Romans would call Venus. His prize: Helen of Troy, nã ©e Helen of Sparta, and the ill will of Athena, who might enthusiastically back the Greeks in the Trojan War. Athena Fact File Occupation: Goddess of Wisdom, Warcraft, Weaving, and Crafts Different Names: Pallas Athena, Athena Parthenos, and the Romans called her Minerva Qualities: Aegis-a shroud with the head of Medusa upon it, skewer, pomegranate, owl, protective cap. Athena is depicted as dim looked at (glaukos). Forces of Athena: Athena is the goddess of insight and artworks. She is the benefactor of Athens. Sources: Old hotspots for Athena include: Aeschylus, Apollodorus, Callimachus, Diodorus Siculus, Euripides, Hesiod, Homer, Nonnius, Pausanias, Sophocles and Strabo. A Son for a Virgin Goddess: Athena is a virgin goddess, however she has a child. Athena is credited with being part-mother of Erichthonius, a half-snake half-man animal, through an endeavored assault by Hephaestus, whose seed spilled on her leg. At the point when Athena cleared it off, it tumbled to earth (Gaia) who turned into the other part-mother. The Parthenon: The individuals of Athens assembled an extraordinary sanctuary for Athena on the acropolis, or high point, of the city. The sanctuary is known as the Parthenon. In it was a goliath gold and ivory sculpture of the goddess. During the yearly Panathenaia celebration, a parade was made to the sculpture and she was dressed in another outfit. More: Since Athena was conceived without a mother sprung from her dads head in a significant homicide preliminary, she concluded that the job of the mother was less basic in creation than the job of the dad. In particular, she favored the matricide Orestes, who had murdered his mom Clytemnestra after she had slaughtered her significant other and his dad Agamemnon.

Different Temperament Types

I have thought about how realizing my demeanor will help me in my own life? I wonder why I do certain things, and respond the way that I do. I accept the consequences of this personality study will give me understanding into a portion of those â€Å"whys†. This investigation with the four distinctive demeanor types will give a fundamental explanation behind my practices. I will attempt to utilize this data to not utilize the negative practices, which emerge from my specific personality type. At the point when I took the character test in the Temperament Sorter I was named a Guardian. This quality is portrayed by solid administrative and authoritative abilities, steadfastness and earnestness, being practical and moderate. The Keirsey site depicts Guardians as the â€Å"cornerstone of society† and cases that they make up 40 to 45 percent of the populace. It features that the best quality in the Guardian characteristic is my strategic insight. It further notices that, my character directs that when given a significant decision between two strategies, I will pick the one I am more acquainted with as opposed to something new (the experience over experimentation guideline). A model is the point at which I need to take my kids for a trip, while another spot will bring greater fervor and a more current learning experience; I will in general pick the spots I am increasingly acquainted with. I am exceptionally wary about change, and understanding this I will put forth a solid attempt to permit myself to wander out more and in doing so carry all the more energizing encounters to the lives of my kids too. Another huge conduct is identified with my temperament’s regard for rules and authority. Along these lines, when my multi year old child made his own Halloween adornments which will in general be fairly startling for different neighbors, and I got some somewhat harsh remarks, I promptly disclosed this to my child, and put forth an attempt to expel the terrifying improvements and spot them inside the house, and just let the more cheerful Halloween beautifications remain. Understanding my solid confidence in rules, I will additionally guarantee that what is asked of me and my youngsters is likewise reasonable in our perspective. Likewise, since Guardians are intense about their obligations and duties the third significant conduct that can be said about me is my need to finish an undertaking when called upon. In this way during my little girls support raiser at school, despite the fact that I was approached to do many a minute ago demands, since I realized this is significant for her school, I attempted to complete things as well as could be expected, despite the fact that I set an immense worry upon myself. In conclusion my need to follow calendars, and cutoff times that is frequently an extraordinary characteristic in associations at home can regularly prompt contact. It is significant for me to understand this disadvantage, and permit greater adaptability. I accept in the event that I can do this, I will support myself, and my family be progressively loose. As my mom consistently says â€Å"what will occur if your child doesn’t finish his schoolwork, Friday night, he can do it Saturday or Sunday, and still feel he has had some opportunity! 2 After perusing my disposition, I think numerous about the attributes of a Guardian are like what might be viewed as a decent educator. For instance, Guardians will as a rule keep the principles and regard authority. This trademark sets a genuine model for the understudies. An instructor ought to consistently embrace a reasonable disposition, with regards to making any type of assessment, and should consistently be reasonable in their calling and keeping in mind that surveying understudies on their presentation, rather than individual affinities and likings. One of the principle qualities of Guardians is that they generally need reasonableness. Watchmen will in general discover fulfillment in accomplishing work that includes detail; a great educator ought to be careful and have an eye for detail. Indeed, a muddled individual would discover showing unacceptable and unfulfilling. All around considered plans and projects for instructing will help the efficiency of an educator. This personality is constantly worried about the government assistance of individuals and will take care of the physical needs of others, which is perfect in an educating circumstance. Gatekeepers hope to be considered responsible and to assume liability. They joyfully shoulder the heap that they realize that needs will generally be finished. An educator ought to be committed towards their work. They ought not kill time in the study hall and sit tight for the school ringer to ring. Rather, taking out time and going the additional mile for the understudies is the thing that makes a perfect instructor. A decent educator must have great time the board aptitudes and consistently esteem the significance of time, this will assist the understudies with getting sorted out and further upgrade their learning by them figuring out how to all the more likely deal with their time. Gatekeepers can have a ton of fun, however are very genuine about their obligations duties. An instructor who can mess around with their understudies, yet to stay genuine about obligations so the understudies can both unwind and appreciate the educator, yet likewise have regard is a sign of an extraordinary educator! 3 Research shows that shows that decency of fit between your youngster's demeanor and your child rearing style is significant for solid social and enthusiastic turn of events. Contrasts in kid demeanor require contrasts in parental dealing with to accomplish a solid match. For this to happen in the wake of perusing my personality I need to coordinate My requests or desires with what my youngster can do, given my kid's disposition, age and capacities. I would now begin by finding out about my youngster's demeanor too. In the event that I can comprehend my youngster's demeanor, at that point I can prepare to forestall potential issues. In the event that I can find out about their challenges, at that point I could utilize methodologies to make the particular circumstance simpler for everybody. For instance as a Guardian I put stock in peace, and now and again stress that regard for power, even basic feeling of good and bad, is being lost. My child as a Rational ignores any power or standard strategy that sits around idly and assets! I have attempted to pass on this message to him by showing him why rules are significant, and giving him explicit models, versus essentially requesting that he comply with the guidelines and not be permitted to address me in any structure. Since as a normal he confides in rationale, and requirements to comprehend why these principles are important. My little girl then again is a Guardian such as myself, and in light of the fact that she inclines toward equality, I take as much time as is needed acquainting new things with her. For instance when I take her to another class, in the event that I essentially request that her proceed to participate, and leave, it will end severely. I have attempted various exercises with her, and in the event that I sit with her and give her an opportunity to investigate to get settled, she is consistently glad, and connects wonderfully. Thinking about the tremendous contrasts between our personalities, and all the qualities and shortcomings we have, it is essential to figure out how every demeanor type will cooperate with one another and ideally consolidate characteristics to achieve â€Å"goodness of fit†.

Introducing the New EasyBib Add-in for Office 365 - EasyBib Blog

Introducing the New EasyBib Add-in for Office 365 - EasyBib Blog (2) Big news! The new EasyBib Add-in for Office 365 is now available, allowing you (or your students) to effortlessly cite as you write online. Best of all, this powerful new add-in is free! In Office 365, the EasyBib Add-in opens as a column to the right of a document and lets users automatically generate citations for books, articles, or websites. This means you can easily copy and paste a quote into the document, cite it with the add-in, and immediately start writing your paper without navigating between windows. More efficiency means more time. Depending on the source type, the EasyBib Add-in for Office 365 only needs the URL, title, author, ISBN, or keywords to begin the citation generation process. In addition, users can cite in MLA format, APA format, or Chicago style with just a few clicks. It really is that simple! Our digital bibliography is also dynamic when it comes to citation styles. You can start citing in MLA format, discover on your syllabus that it’s actually supposed to have APA citations, and go back and easily change the citation style. When you’re finally done with your paper, one click will insert your entire bibliography into the digital document. Voilà, and you’re done! The EasyBib Add-in is free and easy to download. Try it out today!

An Examination of the Factors of Algerian Foreign Policy

It is commonly held that a compelling explanation of the foreign policy orientation of any country cannot be well understood without an examination of its determinants and guiding principles. A state’s foreign policy is also conditional on both domestic and external factors, which may change from time to time, thus forcing it to review its foreign policy to ensure that it operates in the best possible conditions to achieve its objectives. An examination of any country’s foreign policy must, if only by way of background, take into consideration the past, for history itself often determines the boundaries within which current politics evolve. In the case of Algeria, colonial history gave rise to many determinants which still exercise pertinent influences on Algerian foreign policy: factors whose origins lie in the past but which continue to impact contemporary policy. The roots of independent Algerias revolutionary foreign policy are commonly attributed to the impact of the extremely revolutionary national ideology acquired as a result of the sufferings endured by the Algerians in their resistance to and struggle against the French occupation and to the experience acquired by the Algerian diplomacy during wartime, as well as to the indifference of Western powers, particularly the United States, towards Algerias revolutionary war against the French (Stone 228 - 229). Algeria’s foreign policy constants include the right to decolonization, non-intervention in domestic affairsShow MoreRelatedPaper Exam 2 History Ib9416 Words   |  38 PagesN11/3/HISTX/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M MARKSCHEME November 2011 HISTORY ROUTE 2 Higher Level and Standard Level Paper 2 27 pages –2– N11/3/HISTX/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in this examination session. It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of IB Cardiff. –3– N11/3/HISTX/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M Paper 2 markbands: The following bands provideRead MoreThe Human Rights Act and Anti-Terrorism in the Uk: One Great Leap Forward by Parliament, but Are the Courts Able to Slow the Steady Retreat That Has Followed?17827 Words   |  72 Pageseffects of the Human Rights Act 1998. The debate has continued into 2009, with discussion of potential repeal of the Act and/or the introduction of a Bill of Rights. This paper seeks to contribute to these debates, with a focus on one area of government policy which gained renewed emphasis shortly after the entry into force of the Human Rights Act, namely anti-terrorism. Legislative and other measures in the field of anti-terrorism regularly engage the provisions of the 1998 Act. It appears that the UKRead MoreThe Human Rights Act and Anti-Terrorism in the Uk: One Great Leap Forward by Parliament, but Are the Courts Able to Slow the Steady Retreat That Has Followed?17817 Words   |  72 Pageseffec ts of the Human Rights Act 1998. The debate has continued into 2009, with discussion of potential repeal of the Act and/or the introduction of a Bill of Rights. This paper seeks to contribute to these debates, with a focus on one area of government policy which gained renewed emphasis shortly after the entry into force of the Human Rights Act, namely anti-terrorism. Legislative and other measures in the field of anti-terrorism regularly engage the provisions of the 1998 Act. It appears that the UKRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescolonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the

Finding Government Contracting Opportunities

Once you are trained and registered as a government contractor, you can start looking for opportunities to do business with the federal government.FedBizOppsFedBizOpps is an essential resource. All federal contract solicitations (invitations to bid) with a value of $25,000 or more are published on FedBizOpps : Federal Business Opportunities. Government agencies publish the solicitations on FedBizOpps, and provide detailed information on how and when vendors should respond.GSA SchedulesThe largest government-wide contracts are established and administered by the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) under its GSA Schedules Program. Government agencies order goods and services directly from GSA Schedule contractors or through the GSA Advantage! online shopping and ordering system. Businesses interested in becoming GSA Schedule contractors should review the Getting on the GSA Schedules page. GSA schedule vendors can submit their contract proposals, offers and modifications over the Internet via GSAs eOffer system.br/>Teaming and Subcontracting ArrangementsFrequently, businesses offering similar products or services will team up to bid on federal contract opportunities. Teaming with another business as a subcontractor is a great way to get your foot in the door in the federal government. The following resources provide guidance for creating teaming arrangements and subcontracting: GSA Schedule - Contractor Teaming ArrangementsUnder a Contractor Team Arrangement (CTA), two or more GSA Schedule contractors work together, by complementing each others capabilities, to offer a total solution to meet an ordering activitys requirement.GSA Subcontracting DirectoryUnder federal law, large business prime contractors receiving federal contracts valued at over $1 million for construction, $550,000 for all other contracts, are required to establish plans and goals for subcontracting with small business firms. This directory is a listing of GSA contractors with subcontracting plans and goals.SBA Subcontracting Network (SUB-Net)Prime contractors post subcontracting opportunities on SUB-Net. SUB-Net enables small businesses to identify and bid on opportunities. The kinds of opportunities it lists include solicitations or other notices, such as a search for teaming partners or subcontractors for future contracts. More Opportunities Business MatchmakingThis public-private partnership helps connect minority, women, veteran and disabled veteran owned firms with government contracting opportunities.Government Contracting Opportunities for Green BusinessesLaws and regulations now require federal agencies to purchase green (biobased, recycled content, and energy efficient) products. This guide helps vendors who supply green products compete for federal contracts.Selling Energy Efficient Products to the Federal GovernmentCompanies with energy-efficient products and services have special opportunities in the federal sector. This document highlights the major avenues to selling energy efficient products to the federal government.

Critically Analysis Of Professional Development Education Essay Free Essays

Committed to a certain criterions of behavior is called the professionalism. This declaration is force us more productive as a whole. This professional cognition that people see you in your manus as a messenger of their Company, section, concern, community, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Critically Analysis Of Professional Development Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is Professional ‘s duty to act in the ways that brings recognition to themselves and more significantly to the organisation. If we think about the features of communicating. Communication is important in my definition of professionalism because, communicating is frequently the solution of all jobs. In order to be deafening in concern everyone has to be satisfied with their occupation and atmosphere. Communication gives workers the chance to province their sentiments, concerns, or encouragement. It helps people work more expeditiously as section, therefore doing concerns blossom. Many qualities make up a individual ‘s character. Equally good as Honesty is really of import in portraying good character because it helps a individual to derive the trust of others. In a good working environment people have to number on each other for many things, and being an honest individual makes it a batch easier. Once trust is lost, it is difficult to derive back. Assurance is a key to being a professional. A confident individual who has the ability to manage every thing is non afraid to take a hazard and at the terminal of the twenty-four hours do a batch of money. Some hazards need to be taken particularly when the wages outweighs the hazard. Confident people climb the societal ladder and adapt to what needs to be done in different countries. Assurance is frequently an property found in leaders and every company needs a leader. Respectfulness is something that should be nowadayss everyplace. Peoples should acknowledge their higher-ups and handle them with the extreme respectful manners. Respect should be given to your seniors, because you would anticipate the same has to be done from your juniors. Performance wise I am bit weak of as Cyril o houle ‘s demands as he is reference that in his public presentation features: cognition and accomplishment base pattern for the personal development which can besides depict in pattern of your profession: a adult male should be command of theoretical cognition which is come be experience ; to work out the jobs easy ; so usage of practical cognition which I learnt in my yesteryear by sing the easy and difficult undertakings in my past life or by the professional surveies ; in the terminal he said self enhancement harmonizing to the professional by take parting the cognition base activities. For case, reading books, listserv treatment groups, newspapers etc. Continue professional instruction besides heighten the sense of professional association and individuality. Basically we are following the demands: in other words every one is in race of demands, holding evolved over 10s of 1000s of old ages. So I would wish to demo the maslow ‘s hierarchy of demands motive theoretical account which is still valid in all over the universe since 1940’s-50 ‘s. This theoretical account explains how these demands motivate us all. It shows us how we must hold to fulfill each demand in bend, get downing with the first, which deals with the most obvious demands for endurance itself. If lower order demands of physical and emotional wellbeing are satisfied so we need to worry about with the higher order demands of influence and personal development. 3. Mention from old undertaking Harmonizing to my 1st undertaking of my assignment I had explained my formal professional development in the signifier of my analyzing in Bachelorette grade in calculating I did that in twelvemonth 2005, every bit good as in informal developments of my life. It helps me a batch in my life, to alter my life manner and nearing manner every bit good as how to manage the jobs more expeditiously and efficaciously. But I have n’t had any practical cognition in IT field but still I am seeking to acquire the higher degree of my professional abilities in information engineering which I will able to acquire by utilizing these techniques are below. Which I have found them in my Professional development category, these are really first-class for a professional ‘s if they will use on his practical life. Reflected surveies: What is contemplation or reflected surveies? As we know contemplation is an every twenty-four hours procedure as we interact with series of job which we face every twenty-four hours in our life. By snaping these inquiries: What went good? What did n’t? Why? How do I experience about it? It merely happens as interior feelings, ideas and emotions about something by and large. To undertake the jobs we think possibly we can take to make something otherwise, or non, as a consequence of reflecting, but contemplation is basically a sort of loose processing of ideas and feelings about an event. Any event or experience at all. Contemplation can be a more structured manner of processing in order to cover with jobs. This type of contemplation may take topographic point when we have had clip to be stand back from something, or speak it through, as in: as on one contemplation, I think you might be right ‘ , or on the 2nd ideas, I realised he was more disquieted than me. ‘ If we deliberately reflect as portion of the function, there would be a unsmooth patterned advance of ‘How did it travel? What went good? Why? What did n’t? Why? What next? ‘ Examples might be of a cricket manager reflecting after a lucifer, a instructor reflecting on a lesson, or merely a parent believing about how best to cover with a adolescent. In this sort of contemplation, the purpose is to look profoundly at what happened, kind out what is truly traveling on and research in deepness, in order to better, or alteration something for following clip. 3.2 Key Necessities of a contemplation 1. Understanding of an event: We do n’t ever larn from experiences. Contemplation is where we critically analyse our experiences. 2. Standing back technique: It could be hard while standing back but it is good technique with that you will gain or could acquire the hitter position of a state of affairs. 3. Repeat: Contemplation involves making one thing once more and once more to make a broader position of the incident to carry through accurately. Or it could assist you to look into the mistakes to change them in right manners. 4. Endeavoring after truth: we acknowledge the truth of any state of affairs by endeavoring or delving deeper in the incident. 5. Reviewing activities: Contemplation can convey greater lucidity, if you see the same incident in same for your chance for case, seeing events reflected in a mirror. This can assist at any portion of planning, reexamining activities. 6. Learning ability: Contemplation is about larning and life long learning and understanding in deepness of any thing. This includes deriving valuables knowledge that can non be merely ‘taught ‘ . 7. Decisions: Contemplation is as constructing blocks of any incident for pulling decisions in order develop an attack, scheme or motion. Contemplation is a type of believing associated with deep idea, aimed to accomplishing better understanding. It contains a mixture of some necessities: 3.3 Reflecting on your acquisition: It can assist you take an nonsubjective position of your advancement and see what is traveling good and what needs to be emend or needs to alter for the following clip it is about future planning. 3.4 Key inquiries to believe about as practising contemplation acquisition: 1. How did it travel? How do I experience about it? 2. What went good, or OK? Why? 3. What was non so good? Why? 4. How could this have been done otherwise? 5. What should I alter or work on for following clip? What would be the first measure? 3.5 Advantages of contemplation acquisition: You will experience that instantly so you would n’t travel in front you will wait until every thing is all right, it helps you see what went good and give you spotlight on the positive side of an action every bit good as the more negative side of the action or event. Helps you to develop a problem-solving attack, instead than stand back believing about troubles. For case, it is really helpful to reflect when you receive feedback of on your assignment, as a manner of utilizing the feedback to alter or develop your attack. 3. Decision Manner I have n’t learnt decently? What were the hindered in my life? Writing merely for me means I can compose freely, ideas and feelings are expressed in a relaxed and informal manner. I can do leaps in my thought and research connexions between ideas this composing a originative procedure that encourages me to develop new thoughts. Writing on a regular basis in a diary helps me to develop and experiment with my ain authorship manner. Puting thoughts into words is a important academic authorship accomplishment. It takes pattern to develop a manner you feel comfy with, and a diary is a good topographic point to take some hazards and seek out different ‘voices ‘ . You do n’t hold to compose a batch at one time, but it does assist to compose small and frequently, if possible every twenty-four hours. It helps your assurance to look back over a diary and see advancement, how you have dealt with troubles, and how your thoughts have moved on. Develop your composing manner ; composing on a regular basis in aid you develop and experiment with your ain authorship manner. Puting thoughts into words is a critical academic authorship accomplishment. It takes pattern to develop a manner you feel comfy with, and a general is a good topographic point to take some hazards and seek out different ways. You do n’t hold to compose a batch at one time, but it does assist to compose small and frequently, sooner every twenty-four hours. It helps your assurance to look back over authorship and see advancement, how you have dealt with troubles, and how your thoughts have moved on. It is really utile to hold a note of issues and questions you might desire to raise with a coach or other pupils. A general authorship is an of import record for look intoing back, and can assist you plan following stairss. How to cite Critically Analysis Of Professional Development Education Essay, Essay examples

Performance Undergraduate Psychology Cohort-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Performance Undergraduate Psychology Cohort? Answer: Introduction In the recent time identifying the factors affecting the academic performance has become one of the most important research areas among the scholars. There are broadly two types of factors identified which affect the academic performance. Most of the researchers argue that the cognitive ability is one of the most important determinants(LAckerman Heggestad, 1997). However some researchers argue that only the cognitive ability alone cannot explain the difference in academic performance and the personal traits also plays an important role(Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2006). It has been argued that the intellectual ability mostly defines about what the student can do, whereas on the other hand the personal traits show what the student will learn in future(Ackerman, Bowen, Beier, Kanfer, 2001). Personal traits refers so the difference in the individual thinking, characteristics, behaving and feelings. On the basis of the previous research it can be said most of the studies on personalities are in two major areas. First, differences in the individual characteristics such as; irritability or the sociability. Second the different parts of an individual which comes together. One of the most used models for personality traits is the Five Factor Model. To find the relationship between the personal traits, academic performance and intellectual ability many previous researchers have used different techniques and correlation analysis one of them. Researcher such as (Steel, 2007; Vermetten, Lodewijks, Vermunt, 2001) found that academic performance and personality traits are positively correlated. Similarly the relationship between intellectual ability and the academic performance has also been examined. Studies by (Klassen, 2004; Noftle Robins, 2007) supports the relationship betwe en the cognitive ability and the academic performance. Furthermore some scholars also studied the relationship between the intellectual ability and the personal traits conscientiousness. From the previous research no unique conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between the academic performance, intellectual ability and the personal traits. So this study has been conducted where the main aim is to study the relationship among these variables. Three different hypotheses will be tested on the basis of the collected data. Results Table 1. Means and standard deviations for the Big Five personality traits, Intellectual Ability (Ravens APM), and Academic Performance Mean Standard Deviation Openness 3.57 0.84 Conscientiousness 4.22 1.05 Extraversion 3.58 0.88 Agreeableness 4.89 0.68 Neuroticism 3.32 0.83 Intellectual Ability (Ravens APM) 7.27 2.76 Academic Performance 76.27 10.90 Notes: The maximum score for the Big Five personality traits is 6. The maximum for the APM is 12. Academic Performance is expressed as a percentage. The descriptive analysis of the variables shows that the average value for Ravens APM is 7.27 which have been used as a measure of intellectual ability. Similarly on an average student final grade is around 76 % which has beenused as the proxy of academic performance for the current research. To measure the personality trait conscientiousness fiver different parameters were used namely the OCEAN and descriptive statistics for OCEAN variables shows that average score for conscientiousness and agreeableness is better than the score of other parameters. Correlation Results Correlation shows whether two variables are related or not, and if they are related then it also shows the direction of the relationsip ;. The correlation value lies between +1 and -1. If The correlation value is near +1, then it indicates the strong positive correlation, whereas the correlation value near -1 indicates the strong negative correlation between the two variables. However correlation does not guarantee the causation. In this case the three different correlations were conducted and the results are shown below: Table 2 Results from correlation coefficients Variables Correlation coefficients p-value Intellectual ability and academic performance 0.25 0.02 Personality trait conscientiousness and academic performance 0.25 0.02 conscientiousness and intellectual ablility -0.11 0.27 As shown in the table above the correlation coefficient between academic performance and intellectual ability is 0.25, which indicates that the relationship between the variable is positive. However the variables are weakly related as the coefficient is only 0.25. In terms of significance p value is 0.02 which is less than 0.05, it can be said the correlation is statistically significant at 5 % significance level. Similarly correlation between personality trait conscientiousness and academic performance is also positive. Since the personality trait conscientiousness was measured in terms of five different parameters, average value was taken into consideration to calculate the correlation. The positive correlation indicates that if one variable increase another variable will also increase. However the low value of correlation coefficient shows that the relationship is weak. In terms of statistical significance the p value in this case is 0.02 which is less than 5 % so the correlation is significant at 5 % significance level. Lastly the correlation between the conscientiousness and intellectual ability is negative which suggest that the relation between these two variables is negative. The p value of 0.27 indicates that the correlation coefficient is not statistically significant. The scatter plot for the variables included in the correlation is shown below: Figure 1 Scatter plot between Intellectual ability and academic performance As the scatter plot shows the relations between the variables is upward sloping, however it is not strong. Similar results were shown by the correlation coefficient also. Figure 2 Scatter plot between personality trait conscientiousness In this case also academic performance and personality trait conscientiousness are positively related as the plot is upward sloping. Figure 3 Scatter plot between intellectual ability and conscientiounsness Finally the scatter plot between intellectual ability and the conscientiousness is downward sloping, indicating the negative relationship between the two variables. Discussion The main aim of this research is to study the the relationship between the between conscientiousness, , academic performance and intellectual ability. To find the relationship descriptive and the correlation analysis was performed. Results from the descriptive analysis shows that average score for neuroticism was the lowest among the Five Factor Model parameters whereas the score for agreeableness was highest. The average score of intellectual score was also higher than the half level mark. The academic performance indicator also shows that on an average student score 76.26 % marks. Similarly correlation results shows that with increase in the score of the personal traits the academic performance also increases as the correlation between those variable is positive and significant. As per the results teachers/professors will be able to improve the academic performance of the students if they focus on improving the score in the five factor model. This results are in line with the previous studies of (Klassen, 2004; Steel, 2007) who also found positive relationship. Similarly the positive correlation between the personality trait conscientiousness and the academic performance shows that personality factors also play an important role. This also proves that cognitive abilities are not the only factors affecting the academic performance. Similar results were found in the previous research by (Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2006; LAckerman Heggestad, 1997). However one should note that in the current research the correlation is not so strong. Lastly the correlation resu lts between the conscientiousness and intellectual ability shows negative correlation indicating that increase in one variable will lead to decrease in the other variable. However the correlation coefficient is not statistically significant. The proposed hypothesis at the beginning of the research can be tested based on the correlation results. On the basis of the correlation coefficients and the p value it can be said that the results support the first two hypotheses. For the third hypothesis results only partially support the hypothesis. This is because the there is negative relationship between intellectual ability and conscientiousness; however the correlation coefficient is not significant. In addition results from the current research are in line with most of the results found by the previous scholars and these results can be used in the future research also. In addition the negative relationship between intellectual ability and conscientiousness need further analysis Also two of the correlation coefficients are statistically significant, so results can also be generalized for larger population. References Ackerman, P. L., Bowen, K. R., Beier, M. E., Kanfer, R. (2001). Determinants of individual differences and gender differences in knowledge. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 797825. Bors, D. A., Stokes, T. L. (1998). ). Ravens advanced progressive matrices: Norms for first-year university students and the development of a short form. Education and Psychological Measurement, 58, 382398. Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Furnham, A. (2006). Intellectual competence and the intelligent personality: A third way in differential psychology. Review of General Psychology, 10, 251267. Klassen, R. M. (2004). Optimism and realism: A review of self-efficacy from a cross culturalAnswer:perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 39, 205230. LAckerman, P., Heggestad, E. D. (1997). Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 219245. Noftle, E., Robins, R. W. (2007). Personality predictors of academic outcomes: Big Five correlates of GPA and SAT scores. Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 93, 116130. Schulze, R., Roberts, R. D. (2006). Assessing the Big Five: Development and validation of the Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism Index Condensed (OCEANIC. Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie, 124, 13314. Steel, P. D. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 6594. Vermetten, Y. J., Lodewijks, H. G., Vermunt, J. D. (2001). The role of personality traits and goal orientations in strategy use. Contemporar. Educational Psychology, 26, 14917

Review The Wild Bride

Population Estimation Essays - Environmental Statistics, Free Essays

Population Estimation Essays - Environmental Statistics, Free Essays Population Estimation Population estimation Introduction Estimates of population size play a vital role in many fisheries management decisions. The numbers of fish in a stock are used to identify influences of environmental factors, human exploitation, and ultimately to identify the effectiveness of management strategies. (Van Den Avyle & Hayward 1999) The three most common methods of population estimation among biologist are sample plots, mark and recapture, and removal. Counts on sample plots is based on the principle that an estimate of population size can be obtained by determining the average density of animals per unit area and multiplying its value by the total area covered by the population. This procedure is done by setting up a pre-determined number of circular, square, or rectangular plots. These plots should be randomly placed and should not over lap. This method is used when all members of the target population can be counted with reasonable certainty(Van Der Avyle & Hayward 1999). The formula used with this method is: Where A is the size of the study area, a is the size of the plot, and n is the average number of animals counted per sample plot (Van Der Avyle & Hayward 1999). The mark and recapture method is simply preformed by collecting fish, marking them, releasing them, and at a later time collecting fish from the same area and examining them for marks. This is based on the principle that the number of marked fish in the second sample is proportional to the total number of fish in the population. This is called the Peterson method and the equation is as follows: Where M is the number of fish initially marked and released, C is the number of fish collected, and R is the number of recaptures (Van Der Avyle so several modifications have been made to correct this. One being Bailey's modification which is used when sampling during the recapture period is conducted with replacement. The Chapman method is used if replacement is not taking place. The differences in these three methods would be of little significance if the recapture number exceeds 7 (Van Der Avyle & Hayward). All three of these variations are based on the assumptions that: 1. Marked fish don't lose their marks. 2. Marked fish are not over looked in the recapture sample. 3. Marked and unmarked fish are equally vulnerable to recapture. 4. Marked and unmarked fish have equal mortality. 5. Following release marked and unmarked fish become randomly mixed. 6. There are no additions to the population during the study. If any of these conditions are not met over estimation will most likely occur (Van Der Avyle & Hayward 1999). The third and final method of population estimation is the removal method. This is based on the idea that the number of fish caught per unit of effort will progressively decline as members of the population are removed. The population can be estimated from data on fishing effort and catch rates. The assumptions with this method are: 1. All members of the target population are equally vulnerable to capture. 2. Vulnerability to capture is constant over time. 3. There are no additions to the population or losses other than the removal itself (Van Der Avyle & Hayward). The Leslie and DeLury methods are used in cases when sampling effort my vary among periods. They are used on large populations where the probability of catching an individual fish is low (Kohler 138). The Leslie method assumes that the number of fish caught per unit effort is proportional to the number of fish present at the beginning of the interval. The DeLury method differs in tha t the population estimate is based on total effort rather than cumulative data. The Zippin method is used where the catchability is high and equal effort is expended in each sample period. This is most commonly used in small mountain streams in conjunction with electrofishing as the removal method. Materials & Methods On September 13, 2000 we went to Mull Creek. We set up two stop nets spanning 75m one upstream and one downstream to keep the population contained. We made three runs with electrofishing

CONTEMPORARY CASES IN PUBLIC POLICY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

CONTEMPORARY CASES IN PUBLIC POLICY - Essay Example In its literal sense, civic engagement is the basic right given to the citizens to utilize public resources, participate in determination of the policies which will help them in seeking for the betterment of the society and helps in reforming or replacing institutions which are unable to perform effectively and efficiently. Civic engagement is integrated with having an essential relationship with the concept of public policy due to its focus on elaboration of state and governmental policies (Reuben, 2003). It interlinks all the values, skills, ideas, beliefs, concepts and attitudes which a population holds within a state and helps in the potential formation of broad cultural, social, and economic identities within a state. It is a fact that within a democratic society, citizens form the core representation of a democratic society. Application of civic engagement and community can only be found within programs which can help in implementation of various essential areas of a state†™s consistent development. Social and community collaboration involves democratic roles where individuals of various interests and ambitions can act together for discussing their concern about various issues and can help them in giving them a chance for making changes to things which they deem to be crucial. Such moves can prove to be a source of inspirations and thought provoking ideas which include neighborhood associations, school, colleges and universities where citizens can find relevant information for their community and also create a place where they can feel their voices are being heard and they can be given an opportunity for providing their own input regarding crucial governmental decisions which are of utmost interest of the public. Engagement in public discussions that is able to clarify necessities as well as certain changes which need to be made on a regular basis. Political involvement is another vey key issue which may need to be

Great Wall Golf & country Club Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Great Wall Golf & country Club - Case Study Example The development of Great Wall was intended to integrate the hotels and sports facilities with business and convention functions in the form of one modern community. Some of the key Human Resource policies at Great Wall include job design, change management, recruitment and selection, training and development, recognition and rewards, communication, managing discipline and retirement and termination. Great Wall has managed to achieve its staffing needs but staff retention is a larger problem. Therefore Great Wall employs various HRM practices which help in achieving its strategic goals. The goal of Great Wall is to not just maintain its status but also to evolve, grow and get better. It has therefore defined several strategic goals like business results, customer loyalty, employee loyalty and core competency/effectiveness which it aims to achieve in future. 1. How do the HRM practices at Great Wall fit together strategically?   Great Wall’s core goal is to provide high qualit y service to each of its employees as well its customers. High class and successful Chinese business people, their spouses and guests expected a high quality service in order to compensate for the premium prices they paid as membership dues. Delivery of such high quality services was very challenging because such facilities were very difficult to access in China which could be easily available elsewhere. Therefore this situation made the need of friendly, responsive and high quality service more crucial. Great Wall deploys various training and development programs in its organizational structure whose aim is to provide practical and language training to its employees which help them gain self confidence and instills in them a service-oriented mindset. Managers are responsible for training staff in their departments. This reiterates the Group philosophy and mission and also results in longer employee retention and higher employee satisfaction. This ultimately leads to providing high quality service to everyone. Apart from providing transportation, meals, accommodation and recreational activities to its employees, Great Wall also provides non-monetary incentives such as English lessons, medical plans, comfortable housing, good food environment, security and entertainment. Also, working conditions and environment are far more pleasing at the resort and golf club of Great Wall than in the industrial settings. This helps in gaining employee confidence who would give his best to provide high quality service to its customers. Great Wall also conducts reward giving sessions for its managerial staff as well as rank and file employees wherein employees are appreciated and rewarded for performing well. For managerial recognition, the executive committee recently introduced a managerial bonus structure which involves a bonus accompanied by an increment in salary. The reward system for rank and file employees includes the â€Å"Employee of the month† award which rec ognizes the employee’s achievement and provides him with financial reward of one month’s salary. Achievers and star performers are invited to a party each month and their photographs are hung at a place where they can be conveniently viewed by guests and all visitors at the club. For

Globalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council

Globalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council Chapter 3 Globalization in the GCC: a political and economic analysis Political Aspect The creation of the GCC was a direct result of regional political events of that time. The idea of the need for the union of the major independent states of the gulf had been floating around since the early 1970s. Three main reasons leading to the formation of the gulf cooperation council included: Border disputes between Arab states and the royal families. The Iranian revolution The invasion of Iran by the Soviet Union. The Gulf States apart from Saudi Arabia are small population states. First we look into border disputes. The creation of Bahrain and Kuwait was lead to the demarcation of boundaries which the families Arab ruling families did not like. The strained relations were held together only by their common links religion and language. The ruling families had close bonds with families of other states and therefore they did not like the idea of having to confine their selves to a border (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Secondly, the Arab peninsula felt safe from Iran as long as the Shah of Iran was in control. This was because America (an Arab friend) was dictating the policies of Iran during the shah’s rule. After the Iranian revolution, came the religious leaders. They had a different set of ideology and religious beliefs than the Arab states. Since Iran was a regional military strength, this further made the Gulf States insecure and further highlighted the need for a united front by the Arab peninsula (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Lastly, the invasion of a Muslim Afghanistan by the atheist Soviet Union was viewed as a threat as Yemen was also a socialist country and capture of Afghanistan meant that the communists were gaining strength and this was another form of insecurity for the region as the Arab states had supported the USA in the cold war which made them rivals of the Soviet empire. The Soviet threat had to be faced collectively and therefore it was imperative that a union of the Arab states be created. The last straw was the Iran- Iraq war which started in 1980. It affected trade routes of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Also Iraq, which was a friendly Arab country, was being affected. And this threat needed to be faced collectively, therefore in 1981, the Gulf States, united themselves in the form of GCC (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). The charter known as the cooperation council charter was signed by all the member states, including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and Oman. The charter listed cultural, social and political and economic reasons along with commonality of religion, language and customs for this union. The articles in the charter defined the need to develop independence and self sustainability in political, economic and financial affairs (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Since the creation of the council, the GCC has gradually tried to instill its authority in the region and work for change for the betterment of the states. The council states have developed at remarkable pace in the fields of media technology, developmental projects, financial institutions and security of the region (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). The first visible of the impact of the unified common GCC policy was visible globally during the Iraq invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The council made possible it’s liberation, through the help of the world’s help, The council called for a meeting of the organization of the Islamic conference (OIC) and this lead to GCC requesting for and then passing resolution in the united nation’s security council, UNSCR 660 (1990). The council since the 1990 has tried to help in conflicts resolution in many countries, including Somalia, Palestine Israel, Lebanon Israel etc. the GCC is also in the forefront in helping the countries in need of economic aid for rebuilding. The countries insisted on the rebuilding of Iraq through donations, On the country basis, the GCC have planned free trade agreements with China, Pakistan and India. They already have FTAs with Lebanon, Turkey and Syria in the region and Japan in the East Asian region. The GCC also has signed pacts and agreements with regional organizations like the European Union (EU). The EU and the GCC have signed declarations of cooperation with each other and are working toward a FTA (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Non-governmental, international and regional organizations The economic and developmental transformation of the GCC countries along with other Arab countries of the region has been due to assistance from international institutions and donor agencies of the region. These agencies have been providing, financial, technical and organizational help to the states for formulating better strategies for stable development of the Arab states specifically and the gulf region in general. The United Arab Emirates has enough financial capital for funding the preparation of NES and NEAP. Even so, the gulf state has been seeking and receiving technical help from international and regional organizations in order to ensure that their developmental programs are stable and sustainable. To ensure stable growth and development in the gulf and Arab countries, availability of financial assistance is important, especially for countries not exporting oil (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"International donor organizations working in the region include: Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Arab Fund for Economic and social Development (AFESD) Kuwaiti Fund for Development (KFD). † (Khordagui H, (2004). Apart from development on the infrastructure level, certain organizations have been providing the gulf countries with help in a wide range of activities including capacity building, legislative drafting, policy analysis etc. Usually the assistance concerning the capacity building assistance measures is being undertaken by the regional organizations in order for there to be regional benefits of these national initiatives (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"These institutions include: â€Å"METAP: a cooperative initiative between the Commission, the European Investment Bank, UNDP (the Arab Bureau the Capacity 21 Unit), the WB – has provided capacity building assistance to the Mediterranean region for nearly the past decade† (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"Med-Policies Initiative – part of the METAP program, but funded by the WB in coordination with ESCWA – is building national capacity regional awareness on economic environmental policy-making† (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"The Center for Environment and Development in the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) is an independent, nonprofit regional institution is working to increase the capacity of national institution to enhance environmental management and SD† (Khordagui H, 2004). Social Development and Civic Society Saudi Arabia is the biggest member of the GCC. It has the largest population and the biggest oil reserves. Therefore one would expect that with all in the capital inflow, political reforms would follow and that would lead to maturation of the state toward a free society. In Saudi Arabia, monarchy rules the state. There is no parliamentary system and there were not political parties, trade unions or voluntary associations before 2003. There is a counsel of chambers of commerce and it acts as an umbrella between the government and the society as a whole (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). â€Å"The UAE is fast becoming the economic hub of the GCC. Therefore there needs to be civic reform and State’s institutional development needs to be the foremost priority of the state. There can be no assembly of public nature without prior government’s approval. The first human rights organization was first formed in the country in 2006. Its founding members include people of diverse professions from far corners of the society.† (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008) Political parties are still illegal in the kingdom. Any person or organization which tries of voice an opinion against which is against or different from that of the monarchy is quickly shut down. There are two opposition movements working from outside Saudi Arabia. These include the Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights (CDLR) and the Movement for Islamic Reform (MIRA), in Saudi Arabia. Activists who attempted to demonstrate in a peaceful manner against the monarchy were arrested and their activities deemed unislamic (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). In order to conform to the rest of the world and also due to the internal needs and external pressures led the Saudi government to initiate the civil society creations in the kingdom in 2003. Unlike Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates are governed by both a traditional as well as a modern form of a government. The UAE is at an advanced level of institutionalizing their government departments. The political system of UAE can be thought of a flexible system conforming and adaptive to the democratic ways of governance. The UAE does not allow the existence of political parties per say, but the ruling elite and their positions in the government are determined even today by their positions in their respective tribes and dynasties. In order to keep their authority and position the rulers are required to ensure that they retain the people’s loyalty which has to be ensured by keeping with the principle that the people should have easy access to the rulers and they could voice their opinion or grievances in meetings. This tradition of holding assembly of citizen’s frequently is still active today and ensures that people are not neglected. Decisions made in these meetings sometimes even determine policy changes at the highest levels. On the other side, the modern institutions are capable of dealing with more complex and large scale problems and concerning the state. Therefore the dual mode of governance in the UAE has molded itself in the past decades to optimally suite the citizens of the state as well as the state itself (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). The Saudi Journalist’s association was founded to look after the interests of the journalists of the country, it is mostly an independent organization and works without any governmental interference. A media regulatory authority has been in place since 1982 in Saudi Arabia. Even though the print and the television media is well developed and well circulated in the kingdom, it is mostly government regulated. The ministry of information has the authority to appoint the editor in chief of all the circulating newspapers and can remove anyone they feel does not conform to their standards. Moreover, the government owned Saudi Press Agency and the ministry of information control the print and the Broadcast media. An independent organization to look after the human rights abuses paved its way into formation in 2004 in the kingdom. It is called The National society for Human rights and it has the job of keeping track of abuses related to employment, judiciary, domestic violence, prisons etc. There has been a history of complaints in the gulf about the human rights abuses related to non payment of wages to the workers and maid, mal treatment sexual harassment. Since 2005, the ministry of labor of Saudi Arabia announced that it was ready to receive complaints of the above mentioned nature from anyone and would be ready to prosecute anyone found guilty of the offense (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). Unlike Saudi Arabia, UAE does not posses any human rights groups and independent trade unions are still banned in the state, its chamber of commerce and UAE Women’s Federation are umbrella organizations with the responsibility to keep checks and balances of all sorts. The latter is assigned to prepare the women population, which makes constitutes a larger chuck of the population, to face the challenges of the 21st century and to train them to become active participants in the society (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). The gulf countries are enjoying economic boom from the high oil prices and they are taking advantage of this by using this capital for development of their respective states and region in general. Local and international corporate businesses have established themselves well into the societies. With this comes corporate social responsibility. This means that businesses have the responsibility to encourage and participate in any way they can, in the social development of the region. The term corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be explained as the commitment by the corporate sector to behave in an ethical manner and participate in the economic development along with providing a better quality of life for the workforce, their families and the society at large (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). â€Å"In the GCC, although there are initiatives of corporate contribution to the society as a whole, there is still a greater need of formalizing it to ensure that the pace of development in the education, health, and housing and environment sectors is improved on sustainable grounds. A major factor in CSR activities is the governments strategy. There are governments within the GCC region that feel that social sectors such as education, health, housing and environment are the sole responsibility of the governments or rulers, resulting in little effort by the corporate sector in these areas. A very relevant example of this is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the largest country within the GCC, where there are hardly any well-managed CSR initiatives† (Giving Back: Corporate Social Responsibility in the GCC, 2007). Political Reforms The political systems of the gulf countries are in their infancies. Neil Patrick a senior analyst noted in a seminar about political reform in 2006, that there was a need to identity and treat all the GCC countries individually and recognize that the political structures and in different stages of maturation in each of these countries. For example, political reforms were first initiated by Kuwait, and currently, the have a well established working parliament. In contrast, the UAE has only recently started raising the idea of electoral participation. Other countries including Oman, Qatar and Bahrain etc all have political councils, whose members are usually sheikhs or members of the royal families. These councils are mostly advisory councils with limited mandates (Political Reform in GCC countries, 2006). Historically the infrastructure and organization required for the development and reform have been absent from the GCC states and royal families have been the only rulers in most of these states. According to Neil Patrick, the monarchies and the â€Å"Sheikdoms† operate in away in which taxing the citizens have become very difficult. They continue to use the earnings from the oil profits to satisfy the civilian population and run the state and this ensures at least in the short term that their rule will not be challenged. As the society within these countries has become more and more educated, and as the states have gradually opened up to the democratic world, the world, the need for change or reform has been seriously felt. Over the past couple of decades, the younger generations, unlike those of the past have become more educated, more aware of their rights as members of the society. This passive but steady demand for reform and more freedom has applying internal pressure on the ruling elite for change. On the other hand, opening up of the country for investment and development has lead to the democratic forces in the form of USA and the EU to exert multifaceted pressure on the Gulf States for democratization and liberalization. â€Å"Moreover, globalization, and particularly economic globalization, intensifies pressures on rulers to be more transparent and accountable in the administration of state resources† (Political Reform in GCC countries, 2006). It has been noted that over the past two decades, continued economic growth, wealth distribution and emergence of a middle classes with a strong voice has been the cause for gradual change towards liberalization and reform. â€Å"Economic change effectively creates alternative bases of power and constituencies that will contest the political status quo and claim a voice in the decision making process. It is therefore important to assess whether the distribution of rent in the Gulf States has led to an accumulation of wealth in a middle class with an interest in reform and enough power to begin making political demands† (Political Reform in GCC countries, 2006). Access to information International community has promoted information and communication technologies in the recent past as a means of providing a source of liberalization in the gulf countries. It has been thought that by integrating ICT in their developmental projects for these countries, the monopoly of the state on media and information control. The results although have been a success to some extent, but have failed to influence the society as the west once hoped. Case in point the spread of news channels like Al jazeera from Qatar. The coming on air of this and other channels has had an impact of providing the society with free uncensored and uninhibited view of the Arab views and feelings. The aim of the west was to ensure that the liberalization and opening up of the gulf would lead to the Gulf States, conforming to their west’s likings. This opening of the media has lead to voice to the civic society but their views of the west have not softened as the west had hoped. The governments still have control over other aspects of the information. This is clearly seen in the case of provision of the internet. Even though the states provide internet access, this is limited and poorly distributed. On the pretext of conserving cultural and religious values, the states like the Saudi Arabia have been exerting media filtration and censorship by using filtering software and denying access of any information which might influence their society’s view of them. The economic aspect Trade and investment liberalization Human development It has been long claimed that the gulf country rely heavily on their revenues from oil production to support them. Globalization is fast becoming the new reality in the GCC countries. This is has led to the gulf countries to tread on uncharted territory. The trend towards globalization and the threads attached to it can have an effect on the very lives of the citizens these countries cater for. Globalization can bring the promise of open markets and opportunities to have access to all the tools a country needs for development. On the other hand, globalization can also lead a country towards marginalization. â€Å"The relation between human development and globalization can be visualized in the following manner: the effects of globalization on a developing economy, such as the Arab Gulf countries, could be backwash effects or spread effects. The backwash effects means that globalization could contribute to and the source of human deprivation through processes of marginalization (of the country) and social exclusion (of individuals and groups based on social, ethnic, occupation/ skill, age or gender grounds)† (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). On the flip side, globalization can also lead to multitude of benefits. Globalization, through investment and production, can lead to jobs creation and greater choices for the public in terms of consumption and all of this can further enhance the human development. Globalization leads to foreign direct investment FDI, which in turn leads to capital inflow in the country and this can be used for developmental projects in a developing country. The steps towards globalization include: Liberalization of the local economy. Liberalization of state property ownership (privatization). Regionalization and multilateralism. Step 2 or privatization in the Arab countries has been a result of old as well as new policies. The privatization policy became a national policy in Oman in 1996. Information and communication revolution â€Å"The policies include provision related to what to privatize first (productive service sector), partial privatizations, transparency, competition, FDI, protection of the environment, public relation, and privatization proceeds. The guidelines include provisions related to bids selection, public offering, taxes, loans, employees and management†(Zineldin, M, 1998). The Saudi Arabia had been considering privatization and policy since early 90s. The 1990-1995 development plan envisioned a privatization process, a stock exchange for trading, privately owned construction and development companies, privatization some banks etc. In 1997 the ministry of commerce decided to expand the role played by the private industry in the kingdom’s economy by privatizing and selling government held assets worth more than $7 billion. The main aim for privatization and liberalization was to encourage private investment in the country’s economy, to provide lucrative opportunities for local as well as foreign companies to invest in domestic ventures. They also aimed to provide jobs to the ever increasing number youths in the country and to bring the unemployment rates down. They wanted to broaden and diversify the economic base and increase its markets competitiveness level to meet the standards set by the WTO for its membership (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). Abu Dhabi and the UAE have highlighted the need to privatize approximately 40 or so industries. After a study conducted by the World Bank, it recommended that Kuwait privatize at least 7 small enterprises, whose total vale was more than $3.6 billion. By 1995, Bahrain had also privatized at least partially, its, aluminum industry, small enterprises from the food manufacturing industry. Industrial investment by the private sector in this small state was more than $4.4 Billion by the end of 1996. (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). The campaign to private in order to make the institutions more efficient and productive has led to inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in these countries. Oman, Dubai (UAE) and Bahrain etc have allowed their private investors to gain complete ownership of their investment and industry. (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). The past 3 decades have led to an unprecedented growth in the GCC countries. The cost oil per barrel has risen from $12 to $100 and beyond. The financial profits that have been gained from this boom as been used to modernize infrastructure, improve social indicators, develop infrastructures as well as maintain foreign currency reserves while keeping external debt at a low level. â€Å"Life expectancy in the GCC area increased by almost 10 years to 74 years during 1980–2000, and literacy rates increased by 20 percentage points to about 80 percent over the same period. Average per capita income in the GCC countries was estimated at about $12,000 in 2002, with their combined nominal GDP reaching close to $340 billion (more than half the GDP of all Middle Eastern countries†. (Fasano U and Iqbal Z, 2003). Globalization and Human development Globalization, through the process of privatization leading to increase in resource allotment and can lead to increased focus towards human development. Improvement and competition leads to increase in the standards in the health and education sector. Privatization in the education sector can lead to improvement it its standards and it can structurally transform itself to cater to the needs of the market. â€Å"In other words private involvement in education and health sectors could bring with it more investment, more competition, better service, and wider choices. Successful liberalization and privatization programs could also accelerate growth, boost domestic investment and attract foreign capital generate employment and increase (per capita) income† (Jiyad, A. M 1998). The performances of the GCC countries towards human development have been weak in the past few decades. Great progression was seen in the early 70s and 80s but investment towards human development seems to have become stagnant in the 90s. Case in point is Saudi Arabia which compared to the public spending of $81.4 billion in 1985, only spent $82.7 billion in 1995. This and other indicators like these demonstrate that investment in the future development of the people had been ignored in the decade of the 90s. † (Jiyad, A. M 1998). Another problem which still needs tending to is the increase in the population in most of the GC countries. The high growth rate along with increase of women in the work force due to opening up of the society in the GCC countries has produced another problem of unemployment. The GCC wok force is growing at a rate of 4% per year and if this keeps up, the unemployment rates will soon follow suite and create another burden on the society. The GCC countries have been trying to initiate and grow in the non oil industry sector to create jobs for its people and to be able to sustain their growth rates. †Government services in many GCC countries are provided free or at highly subsidized prices, particularly water and electricity, while non-oil taxation is low, consisting mainly of income tax on foreign corporations except in Oman, where local corporations are also taxed. Some of these countries have recorded overall fiscal deficits over the years, reflecting volatile global oil prices and relatively high levels of current expenditure† (Fasano U and Iqbal Z, 2003). This can be seen by the indicators in the following charts below. â€Å"All GCC countries share sound and well-supervised banking systems. Banks are well-capitalized and profitable. Their supervisory framework has been strengthened and is largely compliant with international standards and codes. Moreover, GCC countries have gradually taken a number of steps toward implementing a market-based monetary policy, though direct instruments (such as interest rate and credit ceilings) continue to play a role in a few of these countries.† (Fasano U and Iqbal Z, 2003). Deepening of the regional economic integration Even with their high visions and plans of development to create sustainable non oil based economic power houses, the GCC countries have fell short of their aims for the past decades. These goals can still be achieved. The key for realizing such gains is in the collective integration and regional advancement. These collaborations have to be inline with the WTO policies and regulations. Since the GCC countries already enjoy free trade agreements with each other, the next step would be in the form of creating custom union. This can be beneficial for the GCC countries involved in the union as well as during multilateral trade deals. Giving the world a single regional front can only be beneficial as this means that there will be unified tariffs across the countries. The negotiations with the WTO any aspects would be held through a collective front rather than of the members negotiating individually. (Yousif Khalifa Al-Yousif ) Other benefits that can be achieved by the GCC countries integrating themselves further include providing a unified local market to the world to deal with. This means that the smaller countries like Bahrain can gain access the behalf of large ones like Saudi Arabia into the western markets. Deepening ties will further lead to reduction in internal conflicts and maters of miniscule value. Since integration into a regional bloc like the GCC has already led to and will further lead to open access to each others markets therefore inter GCC trade will only allow the local industries to grow further and provide employment to local work force along with allow growth in the human development sector. Millennium goals indirectly leading to economic and developmental Stability The GCC countries are a bloc of wealthy countries on their way to regional integration and providing a unified and developed front to the goal. Therefore it is suitable for them to cater to and provide assistance to the less developed Arab countries in the region. The countries have set out goals for the future and are working towards them at a steady pace. Eradication of poverty: the spread of wealth even with the population of the GCC is unevenly distributed. The gulf countries are working hard to implement policies which would lead to ensuring that all the people are provided with food and shelter. This can be done by providing jobs. Broadening the industrial base is the priority. This will lead to creation of jobs for the people. In this way wealth can be spread and distributed evenly. Energy Accessibility and Efficiency â€Å"Despite the vast energy resources of the region, in 2003 only 78.6% of the Arab population had access to electricity, ranging from almost 100% in the GCC countries to under 8% in Low Developed Countries (LDC). The region’s overall energy efficiency (kilogram (kg) oil equivalent per $1,000 GDP (PPP)) has improved unevenly in the past decade. In 2002, the GCC countries reported the highest energy use (504 kg oil equivalent per $1,000 PPP), followed by those of the eastern (262 kg oil equivalent per $1,000 PPP) and the western (some 137 kg oil equivalent per $1,000 PPP). Data available data on energy use in the Arab LDCs are inadequate.† Regional Progress towards the Millennium Development Goals in the Arab Region (2006). Education: the literacy rate of the local population in some of the major GCC countries is quite low. Steps are being taken to ensure to ensure that that the new generation is provided with education to be able to work as a contributor for the development of the society and the country as a whole. Gender equality: it has been long an issue, that the Arab countries in general have a poor record for gender equality and women empowerment. The GCC countries have moved leaps and bounds from where they were a couple decades ago. Currently female integration is in every corner of the work place. Few of the major multinational companies are owned and run by business women in the gulf. Still female literacy rates are low and the gulf government’s aims for the near future are ensure that they become equal participants in the work force as they comprise around 50% of the total population. References and Bibliography Bà ©atrice Maalouf, (2006). The GCC: A Union to Be Reckoned With. Congress of the Czech Political Science Society in Olomouc [internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Democratic governance Arabia (2008), United Nations Development Program. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Fasano U and Iqbal Z, (2003).GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. International Monetary Fund. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Figure 1, Fasano U and Iqbal Z, (2003).GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. International Monetary Fund. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Figure 2 Fasano U and Iqbal Z, (2003).GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. International Monetary Fund. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. GIC Produces Comparative Data on GCC Economies Showing Solid Upturn in 1999 GDP. (2001),

Look at the role of the manager in motivating staff in the care setting that I work for, which is a residential children’s home Essay

This essay will look at the role of the manager in motivating staff in the care setting that I work for, which is a residential children’s home. It will look at different methods of motivation that the manager can use and also the way the manager uses it. The way that they use it will depend on the type of manager they are as they could be either a theory x or y type, as defined by D Mcgregor 1960. For the purpose of this essay we will look at the line managers as they have most contact with staff. In order to run an effective home the manager needs to not only ensure that they have a sound structure in place to deal with the day to day running of the home but to also ensure that the staff are motivated to do the job. In respect of the day to day running of the home there will be set procedures in place, that will have to be adhered to by all of the residential homes within RCT in regards to budgets, the manner in which children are admitted, contact with other agencies and so on. Within the home there will be an officer in charge and then seniors. The seniors are your line managers and have the most contact with staff it is their responsibility to ensure that staff are happy in their work and to ensure that there are no problems. The officer in charge will be responsible overall for staff along with the rest of the procedures mentioned earlier. The way that the manager motivates their staff will vary depending on the type of manager in a particular home. If you have a line manager who is a theory x manager this can have an effect on staff as they may not feel able to talk to the manager about things and discussing things is vital in this particular job, as being able to talk about things that affect the children and yourself within the environment you work contributes enormously to the happiness of the children. And the ultimate aim in the home is to provide a stable home for the children. A theory X manager will believe that as individuals you need to be told what to do. This does not then allow for confidence within yourself in regards to your development within the job to develop, as you will worry about what they will think about your work .It would also result in you needing to check everything through with them before you make a decision. This can have long reaching affects as the manager is not always available and as staff you have to make daily decisions in regards to the children and their welfare. On the other hand a theory Y manager will believe that as individuals and as staff that you are capable of making decision for yourself this can lead to them passing on more responsibility to the staff for various tasks within the home. This is something that is dome successfully in beddau with staff having taken responsibility for a number of different things such as doing the weekly menu, ensuring that the training file is up to date, ensuring that the accident, missper and sanction books are updated regularly these along with a number of other tasks done by the staff singularly might not look much but as a whole they contribute greatly to the homes effectiveness. This also show staff that their capabilities are noted it also allows for staff development as you are gaining experience in a number of different aspects of the work done at the home which in itself is good for motivation. This is supported by Fredrick Hertzberg who says if you want someone to do a good job, â€Å"then give then a good job to do† it does not matter the size of the job but that the staff feel appreciated and valued and that you have belief in their abilities. Although financial and physical resources play a big part in the running of a home the greatest contribution is made by the human resources, i.e. staff this includes all members from the domestic to the officer in charge. If the staff are de-motivated for whatever reason then this has an effect on the smooth running of the home. The human relations school of management 1960/70’s support this as they say that workers take along with then a number of different things, ideas, knowledge, intelligence, experience, skills humour, expectations and beliefs. In order for these to be utilized effectively then the manager has to be aware of staffs strengths as well as their weaknesses. This can be achieved through supervision. If supervision is used correctly it can be a good motivator for staff. If done incorrectly it can result in further de-motivation. The way in which it is done will again depend on the type of manager. Supervision in itself is not a motivator but a hygiene factor get it right and it will stop your staff becoming ill. I.e. de- motivated. Get it wrong then you have problems as staff will become de-motivated which will result in then doing things wrong or not at all and this will have a detrimental effect on the home. Other hygiene factors that can have an effect on staff are the working conditions salary, interpersonal relations and company policies .As with the above they will not motivate the staff but help to improve the conditions that they work in. this will then lead to their lower needs being met, as defined by A marslow, in his pyramid of needs. He says that in order for a person to reach self-fulfillment they have to meet the different needs in their life as set out in the pyramid. Within the work situation the needs will be met through a number of different way as illustrated appendix1. Steers and porter 1991 suggest that the various organizational factors illustrated can be used to satisfy the different needs. Obviously outside of the jobs the needs will be met in a different way, to a certain degree. The aim of the supervision is to get the work done well, support staff and to encourage staff development .The three strands of supervision are inter wound if you are able to help staff develop by offering then support then this will lead to better work. If one strand of the supervision is weak then the rope is weak. Which could then lead to de- motivation instead of motivation as already mentioned. A good line manager during supervision will not only point out where you are going wrong but will look at what you have achieved in relation to your job no matter how small it might be, it could be something as simple as having picked up a mistake in one of the books which if not rectified could have had an effect on the children or it might be that you have handled a situation with one of the children that resulted in then not harming themselves. A theory X manager would not tell you that you had done well in that instance, as they would say it was your job to deal with such an incident. And even though that is the case, if you just thought like that when dealing with the incident the you would not be giving your all to the job. So for a line manager not only to recognize what you have done but also to make you aware that they recognize it is a huge motivator. The second strand which is support can be met in a number of ways during supervision and on a daily basis. Support can be something that needs to be given when an incident has occurred at the home as above or when something personal is affecting your work .The member of staff receiving support must be able to trust in their supervisor as this will make it easier for them to talk about what is affecting them will then lighten the burden. This trust and also friendship to a certain degree will again depend on the type of manager you have. A good supervisor will also recognize when they are not able to support you and be able to refer you to someone who can, be that another member of staff or possibly a counselling service. The third strand of supervision is staff development. This involves looking at not only the training needed by the member of staff but also at what training they have already achieved and how best to use that to the advantage of the home. In respect of training that is needed it is important to ensure that the member of staff understands why they need that training so that they do not feel inadequate. As if they are not told appropriately why they need it they may feel that the manager thinks of them as being inadequate in a certain area rather that looking at it as a way of developing and progressing within the job. The one that comes to mind for this is NVQ training many staff look on it as something that they have to do or they will lose their job, rather than something that will not only benefit then in the job they do now, but could also lead to job progression for them. If the manager is able to recognize a member of staff’s strengths due to training they have received in the past they need to capitalize on this by ensuring that the member of staff is able to use that training in the work place. It could be that they have training and an interest in a particular area which would not possibly have been an area that staff have been able to work in with the children before, such as outdoor pursuits. As before recognizing what someone is good at in its self is a motivator as is recognizing potential within that member of staff. If the manager is not able to recognize these strengths and weaknesses to a certain degree then they are not able to provide the member of staff with appropriate training to help them develop within the job. The member of staff will then start to question their abilities which in turn will have an effect on their work and motivation. In conclusion it has to be said that in order for the home to run effectively and smoothly to give the children a stable home as well as ensuring that their needs are met the staff and their needs are as important. The staff being happy at work comes down to how motivated they are if you have a staff that are well supported by the management and that they get training appropriate for them along with recognition than you will generally have a reasonably effective work force. The managers role in all of this is vital as they need to be looking at and addressing the issues around the above. How they will look at the above and deal with them will vary depending on the type of manager you have. John Harvey Jones said 1988. â€Å"Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ is an art not a science. Each of us approaches the problem from a different background, and each of us is dealing with a situation, and a different culture, and from a different starting point† For me this statement sums it up in that different people will deal with things in different ways because of different factors. Ultimately a manager or team leader who is able to listen to and appreciate their staff will have a much more motivated team than one who does not listen to consult with or appreciate their team. As a member of such a team I believe that as a staff that we respond to situations and changes that we face better due to the way in which our team leaders deal with things like supervision, which is in the mode of theory Y management. This then creates an effective home for the children to live at some where they can call home and some where those staff are happy to be.

United States Constitution

In the introduction of the book They Take our Jobs! : and 20 other myths about immigration written by Aviva Chomsky, Chomsky picks apart the words in the United States Constitution to support her belief that although immigrants, specifically Latino/Hispanic immigrants, are a large part in today’s U. S. society, they still do not have any rights or protection from the laws of the Constitution. She states that many of the arguments against immigrants in the United States stem from â€Å"serious misconceptions† that have been rooted from history up until present day.The view that immigration only brings about more problems and segregations for the host country has been on-going in history. When it comes down to it, a simple analogy could be made: it is difficult for the citizens or â€Å"homeowners† to be forced to house immigrants or â€Å"strangers† in their own country or home. This idea is then exaggerated and made extreme when times are tough or the peop le of the United States need a scapegoat to put their problems or the government/societal issues on.The finger is pointed at the group of outcasts—immigrants. They are easy targets. Easy because immigrants who are non-citizens are â€Å"legally deprived† of many rights the U. S. Constitution provides for citizens. What many fail to realize, as pointed out in Chacon’s Introduction in No One is Illegal is that immigrants who are here, working, living, and building a life here in the United States contribute a great deal to the overall economy and working class.They take part in the jobs that require heavy manual labor and provide the basic jobs for many large corporations in the United States at minimum wage. Rest assured, it is probable that many of their jobs should be compensated at a higher pay for the type of work they are doing, since most are jobs that many of the middle and higher class citizens cringe at when they think about it. I have speculated that th e amount of wage pay or salary today is based upon one’s credentials or experience rather than the manual load or extremities of the job at hand.This correlates to the jobs that many immigrants take on, they do a lot of work for little pay. They work for huge well known corporations and provide the labor needed to keep production at a particular rate. When times are tough and jobs are difficult to find, like right now, the blame is put upon the immigrants who hold these types of jobs. It is said that â€Å"they stole our jobs† and that is why we are unemployed and out of work. However, when looking at the core of the problem, it is not that the immigrants are ith jobs but rather the fact that the higher salary paying jobs and higher wage paying jobs are being let go first due to the downward economy and replaced with other persons who may be less qualified but could still complete the job and task at hand. As discussed, immigrants are a big part of today’s †Å"world† and the fact that they lead their daily lives just as a citizen would, immigrants are still not granted certain simple rights a newborn child is given at birth in the United States due to biases, beliefs and judgments based on history classes, politicians, and the media.

Black Women Need Help Too ! - 946 Words

Black Women Need Help Too! â€Å"Black woman are raised to epitomize â€Å"strong black women† in the most exemplary fashion possible, and faithfully to remain one without pause or rest until the grim reaper relieved us of the burdens of our mortality. This is a slight exaggeration of course, but the point I am trying to make is that there is this notion that black women should have everything in order all the time. This is not always the case. Research shows that 72% of black children are born to single mothers. Black women also hold a large lead over black men in almost every facet of higher education. According to scholars, â€Å"black women currently earn about two-thirds of all African- American bachelors degree awards, 70% of all masters degree and more than 60% of all doctorates. Isn’t that ironic? Black women makes up majority of single parent homes, but also obtain the most degrees in higher education. However, there is not enough light being shun on th e idea of black women being â€Å"super woman† also have a negative connotation. For example, the ratio of girls to boys at Hampton University are completely disproportionate. Hampton University is made up of approximately 70% girls and 30% males. I have surveyed 100 students regarding the aid that they are receiving. The 100 students were comprised of 50 males and 50 girls with stellar academia. More than half of the males stated they are receiving some scholarship to attend Hampton, and as for the females they are payingShow MoreRelatedWhy Is It So Hard For See Black And Blue?1029 Words   |  5 Pagesbeautiful gown, you see the large blue bruise around her eye and her all too obvious busted lip. On further inspection, you see the rest of the bruises that litter her legs like a Dalmatian. The ad prominently states Why is it so hard to see black and blue?. 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